Ploughs have been used in various shapes and forms for hundreds of years and are largely credited with being one of the most important agricultural innovations in history. Like much early equipment, the first ploughs were pulled by humans before eventually being pulled by animals such as horses or cattle and then finally tractors. Thomas Jefferson is credited with determining the ideal curves for a moldboard, while John Deere built the world’s first all-steel moldboard plough in 1837.
Ploughs are used for primary tillage (often later followed by some form of secondary tillage or harrowing) to improve drainage; prepare the seedbed; or cut, lift, and turn over soil, burying weeds and crop residue. There are several common types of ploughs:
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Moldboard ploughs, or turnploughs, cut through and turn over the soil and are commonly used in fields that have never been planted or have had a cover crop.
- Chisel ploughs limit soil disturbance and are used for deep tillage to loosen or aerate the soil.
- Ridge or ridging ploughs use two moldboards to create a ridge used for planting certain crops.
- Mole ploughs help with drainage in wet soils or can even be used to install underdrainage without the need for trenching.
Although the use of ploughs has become more limited with moves toward no- or reduced-till practices, manufacturers such as Allis-Chalmers, Case IH, Dowdeswell, Ford, Gregoire-Besson, International, John Deere, Kuhn, Kverneland, Lemken, Massey-Ferguson, and White offer new and used ploughs for sale. John Deere offers its 3710 moldboard plough with a high clearance to handle heavy residue, while Kuhn mounted rollover, semi-mounted conventional, and semi-mounted rollover ploughs come with a variety of moldboards depending on the season, soil condition, and trash coverage.